Ejercicio físico y el riesgo de cáncer hepático
Physical exercise and the risk of hepatic cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53732/rccsalud/04.01.2022.24Palabras clave:
neoplasias, cáncer hepático, ejercicio físico, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólicoResumen
Introducción. El hígado es el mayor órgano sólido, desempeña muchas funciones en el cuerpo. El ejercicio físico es valorado como una intervención no farmacológica eficiente en el fomento del bienestar físico, mental y funcional de pacientes con cáncer. Objetivos. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico en el cáncer hepático y sintetizar estudios prospectivos sobre la asociación de la actividad física y el ejercicio físico con el riesgo de cáncer de hígado. Metodología. Revisión sistemática con análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos indexadas de enero del año 2008 a junio del 2019. Así mismo, se llevó a cabo la selección y evaluación de los archivos por medio de la Declaración de PRISMA, PICO, Cochrane y escala de PEDro. Resultados. Se encontró que la actividad física se asocia con un riesgo reducido de desarrollar cánceres de hígado (IC95%: 0,38-0,80). El ejercicio aeróbico redujo los lípidos hepáticos (grasa hepática 8.9±3.2 a 5.6±1.8%; p <0.05, grasa visceral 54,7±6,0 a 49,6±5,5cm2; p <0,05) y el ejercicio de resistencia aumentó la sensibilidad a la insulina (5.9±5.9 a 4.6±4.6 vs 4.7±2.1 a 5.1±2.5; p<0.05), mejoró la flexibilidad metabólica (-0.0206±0.010 vs 0.004±0.003; p<0.05). Conclusiones. La actividad física y el ejercicio representan un papel importante dentro de la enfermedad del cáncer, ya que se asocia con un menor riesgo de desarrollarlo, así como aminorar la sintomatología que conlleva en especial el cáncer hepático.
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